Are car bumpers plastic? why are car bumpers made of plastic.
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Telling the difference between a metric and imperial bolt is easy. If the bolt has lines on the head its standard or imperial. If the bolt has numbers on the head then its metric.
American Manufacturers generally use 13mm, 15mm, 18mm, and 19mm bolts. Anything smaller than these is likely an 8mm or 10mm, and bith asian and american companies use them most often.
A Grade 8 bolt can be compromised when held in place with a grade 5 or nylon-insert style nut. When the original nut or bolt is missing, assume it is at least a Grade 5 or metric 8.8 when selecting replacement hardware.
Bolt Grade Markings Each grade has a specific bolt strength. No matter the system used to grade the bolts, the higher number means the stronger the bolt. For most home and automotive applications, you won’t need anything more than a grade 8 bolt strength or metric class 10.9.
Metric thread pitch measurements are read differently than standard ones. While for standard thread pitch measurements the lower number is coarse thread and the higher number refers to fine thread, in metric this is opposite. M10-1.50 is a coarse thread denotation while M10-1.25 is a fine pitch.
Can you use Metric sockets on SAE fasteners or SAE Sockets on Metric Fasteners? Yes, you can use some sockets on both metric and SAE sizes. However, you need to be careful, as most times they are not exactly the same, and you can strip a bolt by using an SAE socket on a metric bolt and vice versa.
The most common were the 12mm and 10mm, followed by the 15, 17 and 19mm.
Toyotas uses: 6mm,8mm,10mm,12mm,13mm,14mm,17mm,19mm,21mm,22mm,24mm,27mm,30mm,32mm,34mm,36mm,42mm and 46mm. Some of these are for special items that you will probably never ever see or need. As everyone has mentioned some of these sizes do interchage with inches.
Made of low carbon steel, these fasteners are applicable for most low strength commercial and industrial uses. Grade 5 is the most common grade used in manufacturing assembly. Galvanized plating protects the bolt from corrosion; typically used in outdoor applications.
As with all wrenches, you have the choice between U.S., also known as standard, or metric sizes. American cars are assembled with nuts and bolts that use standard measurements while foreign cars almost exclusively use metric measurements.
Most automotive-screws are coarse-threaded. This is also why head studs have coarse threads on the engine side and fine threads on the nut. This provides both benefits, but at a higher cost.
A U-bolt is measured by four dimensions: the length, the hook, the diameter, and the thread length.
When General Motors decided to go metric in 1973, letters announcing the move were sent to its 47,000 suppliers.
One more comment in answer to the original question: do NOT just go down to the hardware store and pick up some grade 8 bolts thinking they will work for head bolts. Head bolts are machined with a shoulder on the shank to fit tightly with the bolt hole, whereas hardware store bolts don’t have this as a rule.
Grade 8 bolts have been hardened more than grade 5 bolts. Thus they are stronger and are used in demanding applications such as automotive suspensions. Grade 8 bolts have 6 evenly spaced radial lines on the head.
When it comes to METRIC hardware, there can be up to four different thread pitches for a given size of fastener. Thread pitch in metric hardware refers to the ACTUAL DIMENSION OF EACH THREAD, and is measured in MILLIMETERS. … For example, 10mm bolts are commonly available in 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 thread pitches.
But you still need SAE sizes – you’ll find them in most US made products other than cars… virtually the entire US hardware store stock of common fasteners is SAE in hex head bolts and lag screws for example.
The larger the drive, the more torque that can be applied. They are all in imperial, as this is the defacto standard. This fitting is a hangover from the days when fastener heads were square, not hexagonal, as the square fastener heads were much easier to make with hand tools.
To measure the diameter of screws and bolts, you measure the distance from the outer thread on one side to the outer thread on the other side. This is called the major diameter and will usually be the proper size of the bolt.
SizeClearance Hole mmTapping Drill (std Pitch)M55.54.2 mmM66.55.0 mmM896.75 mmM10118.5 mm
8 means 8mm nominal diameter (the thread will be less than 8 mm at the widest point) X 1.25 means 1.25 mm per thread (thanks the standard coarse pitch for this thread)
They have varied methods of measuring the width, diameter, and length. The metric wrenches will give you the measurement in 10cm, 8mm, and so on. But a standard wrench, on the other hand, will be measured in inches and therefore might include some fractions.
Toyota uses JIS fasteners. They usually have a small head in comparison to thread diameter. There’s also a handful of fasteners that will use a fine pitch thread.
All 4Runners use metric, but the TRDPRO uses base 11.
Using a magnet or gauge will only determine if there is a zinc coating on top of the steel. And as a matter of fact, the gray coating she sees may be just paint. A film of paint would have a thickness to it. The only real way to determine if the coating is hot-dip galvanized would be to run laboratory testing.
Class 8.8 is similar to grade 5. Zinc plated for moderate corrosion resistance. A tempered medium carbon steel. Class 10.9 is stronger than class 8.8.
Commercial-grade 8 bolts are the strongest option available. They’re made from medium carbon alloy steel and have markings that include six raised dashes. The psi of the bolt is 150,000, meaning that it can withstand great deals of pressure because of the way it was quenched and tempered.
Most new American cars use exclusively metric fasteners. This is due to the increasing penetration of American cars in foreign markets, the increasing acceptance of metric fasteners by engineers, and the large quantity of components sourced overseas.
The entire car industry is metric right now, and has been for a LONG time.
In the past, most U.S.-based manufacturers used SAE, but modern vehicles with parts made in different countries are beginning to go metric as well, so always check your owner’s manual.
A 1/4 UNF thread is about 14% stronger than its UNC counterpart. … The metric coarse thread is actually between UN coarse and fine thread, and the metric fine thread is finer than the UNF threads.
The size of a metric bolt is specified using pitch, diameter, and length in millimeters. For example, in M8-1.0*20, the “M” means the Metric thread designation, the digit 8 refers to the Nominal diameter (in millimeters), 1.0 refers to the pitch, and 20 refers to the length.
The width of a bolt is usually 45 or 60 inches (1,100 or 1,500 mm), but widths may include 35–36 inches (890–910 mm), 39 inches (990 mm), 41 inches (1,000 mm), 44–45 inches (1,100–1,100 mm), 50 inches (1,300 mm), 52–54 inches (1,300–1,400 mm), 58–60 inches (1,500–1,500 mm) and 66 inches (1,700 mm), 72 inches (1,800 mm) …
With only a few exceptions, all vehicles now use the metric system for hardware.
GMC.. I believe from 99 up is all metric, except block bolts on an 8.1L and 4.3. From about ’80ish up to 99 all body bolts and engine accessory brackets were metric, all engine bolts were standard sae(3.8,4.3,5.7,7.4).
6, subch. II § 205a et seq. The Metric Conversion Act of 1975 is an Act of Congress that U.S. President Gerald Ford signed into law on December 23, 1975.