What are the four HR strategies? types of human resource strategies.
Contents
- Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Luteinising hormone (LH)
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Prolactin (PRL)
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
- blood sugar control (insulin);
- differentiation, growth, and function of reproductive organs (testosterone (T) and estradiol); and.
- body growth and energy production (growth hormone and thyroid hormone).
| Hormone | Other names | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone | Corticotropin | Secretion of glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid and androgens |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone | Thyrotropin | Secretion of thyroid hormones |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone | – | Growth of reproductive system |
| Luteinizing hormone | Lutropin | Sex hormone production |
They control a number of functions including metabolism, reproduction, growth, mood, and sexual health. If your body is producing too little or too much of a hormone, it can make you very ill and set you up for a number of serious health problems.
The anterior pituitary gland produces six major hormones: (1) prolactin (PRL), (2) growth hormone (GH), (3) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), (4) luteinizing hormone (LH), (5) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and (6) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (Table 401e-1).
GH, TSH, and ACTH are produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
Most hormones are regulated by feedback mechanisms. A feedback mechanism is a loop in which a product feeds back to control its own production. Most hormone feedback mechanisms involve negative feedback loops. Negative feedback keeps the concentration of a hormone within a narrow range.
The endocrine system is a tightly regulated system that keeps the hormones and their effects at just the right level. One way this is achieved is through ‘feedback loops’. The release of hormones is regulated by other hormones, proteins or neuronal signals. The released hormone then has its effect on other organs.
Hormones are produced by glands and sent into the bloodstream to the various tissues in the body. They send signals to those tissues to tell them what they are supposed to do. When the glands do not produce the right amount of hormones, diseases develop that can affect many aspects of life.
The anterior pituitary produces seven hormones. These are the growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), beta endorphin, and prolactin.
The clusters of cells that produce the six anterior pituitary hormones are under hypothalamic control. Unlike the posterior pituitary which basically stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus, the hypothalamus regulates the anterior pituitary via secreting “releasing hormones,” somatostatin and dopamine.
The anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) secretes six hormones. Each hormone is secreted by a different cell type, except for FSH and LH which are secreted by the same cell type.
There are three basic types of hormones: lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide. Lipid-derived hormones are structurally similar to cholesterol and include steroid hormones such as estradiol and testosterone.
- Protein hormones (or polypeptide hormones) are made of chains of amino acids. An example is ADH (antidiuretic hormone) which decreases blood pressure.
- Steroid hormones are derived from lipids. …
- Amine hormones are derived from amino acids.
The endocrine hormones help control mood, growth and development, the way our organs work, metabolism , and reproduction. The endocrine system regulates how much of each hormone is released. This can depend on levels of hormones already in the blood, or on levels of other substances in the blood, like calcium.
The anterior pituitary is the central regulator of the endocrine system, coordinating signals from the hypothalamus centrally and endocrine organs peripherally.
Anterior pituitary hormone; also called somatotropin; promotes tissue growth by mobilizing energy from fat, raising levels of calcium and other electrolytes, and stimulating protein synthesis, mitosis, and cellular differentiation.
ACTH production is regulated by feedback from the hormones of the adrenal cortex. In females, it stimulates the growth and development of follicles in the ovaries (oogenesis). It also stimulates the lining cells of the follicles to produce and secrete estrogens.
The feedback mechanism is a mechanism of the body to keep the quantities of hormones in the body within the optimal limits. The feedback mechanism gets triggered by an increase or decrease in the levels of the hormones.
There are three mechanisms by which endocrine glands are stimulated to synthesize and release hormones: humoral stimuli, hormonal stimuli, and neural stimuli.
The pancreas is also a part of this system; it has a role in hormone production as well as in digestion. The endocrine system is regulated by feedback in much the same way that a thermostat regulates the temperature in a room.
The three mechanisms of hormonal release are humoral stimuli, hormonal stimuli, and neural stimuli.
Hormones are found in all organisms with more than one cell, and so they are found in plants and animals. They influence or control a wide range of physiological activities such as growth, development, puberty, regulating sugar levels, bone growth and appetite.
- Estrogen. Estrogen is one of the key female sex hormones, but men have estrogen too. …
- Progesterone. …
- Testosterone. …
- Insulin. …
- Cortisol. …
- Growth Hormone. …
- Adrenaline. …
- Thyroid Hormones.
A hormone is a chemical (specifically a protein) secreted by an endocrine gland (gland is just a. name for an organ that secretes something) that. signals a system to do something.
The posterior lobe produces two hormones, vasopressin and oxytocin. These hormones are released when the hypothalamus sends messages to the pituitary gland through nerve cells. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Prolactin is a protein hormone secreted by the acidophilic lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Chemically, prolactin is similar to a growth hormone composing of 199 amino acids, and forms after a 28-amino acid signal peptide are proteolytically cleaved from the prolactin prohormone (pre-prolactin).
Since cortisol is what finally reaches other tissues in the body, it is a non-tropic hormone. CRH and ACTH are tropic hormones because they act on the anterior pituitary gland and adrenal glands, respectively, both of which are endocrine glands.
GH is synthesized and secreted by anterior pituitary cells called somatotrophs, which release between one and two milligrams of the hormone each day.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are both released from the anterior pituitary.
- T3 and T4. T3 and T4 are the two main thyroid hormones. …
- Melatonin. Several hormones help to control your sleep/wake cycles or your circadian rhythm. …
- Progesterone and testosterone. …
- Cortisol. …
- Insulin. …
- Estrogen.
HormoneSecreting gland(s)Functionglucagonpancreashelps to increase levels of blood glucoseinsulinpancreashelps to reduce your blood glucose levelsluteinizing hormone (LH)pituitarycontrols estrogen and testosterone production as well as ovulationmelatoninpinealcontrols sleep and wake cycles
There are two type of hormones, the water soluble amino acid based hormones and the lipid soluble steroids. Most hormones are amino acid based hormones. They can range from simple modified amino acids to polypeptides to proteins. The remainder are steroids, which are synthesized from cholesterol.