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Insect Control thuringiensis, Paenibacillus popilliae, Paenibacillus larvae, B. cereus, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, and other related species are pathogenic to insects. The use of these strains for microbial insect control offers the advantage of being safer than the more toxic chemical control agents.
Lysinibacillus sphaericus (reclassified – previously known as Bacillus sphaericus) is a Gram-positive, mesophilic, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found on soil. It can form resistant endospores that are tolerant to high temperatures, chemicals and ultraviolet light and can remain viable for long periods of time.
: a genus of parasitic anaerobic or microaerophilic nonmotile bacteria of the family Bacteroidaceae now usually included in the genus Fusobacterium.
Vincent gingivitis, also called Vincent infection, Vincent stomatitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, Vincent angina, or trench mouth, acute and painful infection of the tooth margins and gums that is caused by the symbiotic microorganisms Bacillus fusiformis and Borrelia vincentii.
cereus strains are also non-motile. +, 90-100% of strains are positive. +/−, 50-50% of strains are positive. −, 90-100% of strains are negative.
Members of Lysinibacillus genus are motile, with rod-shaped cells that produce endospores of ellipsoidal or spherical shape.
Bacillus subtilis is the best-characterized member of the Gram-positive bacteria. … The identification of five signal peptidase genes, as well as several genes for components of the secretion apparatus, is important given the capacity of Bacillus strains to secrete large amounts of industrially important enzymes.
Various tests revealed no expected harm to non-target organisms. Bacillus sphaericus Serotype H5a5b was registered (approved for sale) as an active ingredient in 1991. … EPA defines a public health pest as any organism that can cause or transmit human disease, or can cause human discomfort or injury.
Lemierre syndrome (LS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by antecedent oropharyngeal infection, disseminated foci of infection or septic emboli, and bacteremia demonstrated by blood cultures positive for Fusobacterium.
Lemierre’s syndrome is a condition characterized by thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and bacteremia caused by primarily anaerobic organisms, following a recent oropharyngeal infection.
The mainstay of treatment for Lemierre syndrome is early administration of intravenous antibiotics and surgical drainage of collections. Prolonged therapy for three to six weeks is recommended to allow time for antibiotics to penetrate into the fibrin clot and necrotic abscesses.
Streptococcal and staphylococcal bacteria are the most common types of bacteria that lead to Ludwig’s angina, especially Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG), more commonly known as “trench mouth” for its common occurrence among soldiers in the trenches during World War I, is a painful gum disease caused by the gram negative bacteria known as spirochetes.
Necrotising stomatitis is a fulminating anaerobic polybacterial infection affecting predominantly the oral mucosa of debilitated malnourished children or immunosuppressed HIV-seropositive subjects.
B. anthracis is non-motile, while B subtilis is very motile. Most bacteria that can move, including B. subtilis, use flagella, which are long, whip-like tails.
cereus sensu lato or “presumptive Bacillus cereus” consists of Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacilli, commonly isolated from soil, other environmental and food matrices. The B. cereus Group is a subdivision of the Bacillus genus that comprises eight formally recognised species: B.
Bacillus cereus is gram-positive rod-shaped bacilli with square ends. Occasionally may appear gram variable or even gram-negative with age. They are single rod-shaped or appear in short chains. Clear cut junctions between the members of chains are easily visible.
Bacillus species are rod-shaped, endospore-forming aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria; in some species cultures may turn Gram-negative with age. The many species of the genus exhibit a wide range of physiologic abilities that allow them to live in every natural environment.
Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) is a Gram-positive, aerobic bacterium. It is rod-shaped and catalase-positive.
Bacillus megateriumSpecies:B. megateriumBinomial nameBacillus megaterium de Bary 1884
The most potent strain, B. sphaericus 2362, which is the active ingredient in the commercial product VectoLex®, together with another well-known larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, are used to control vector and nuisance mosquito larvae in many regions of the world.
Within minutes of eating B.t, the insect stops feeding. Death will occur, primarily by starvation, in about 2 to 5 days.
Apply Bt thoroughly to plants. Give Bt Time to Work: Bt takes several days to work, so be patient. Apply Multiple Doses: Bt degrades quickly in sunlight and only lasts about a week or so. Apply as soon as you spot an infestation, and reapply every week if the caterpillars return.
Depending on the strain, it usually takes 2 to 7 days for fusobacteria to grow up on blood agar plates or in broth.
PatientSexPresenting symptoms1FOtorrhoea, fever, vomiting, headache,neck pain2FOtorrhoea, fever, headache, vomiting, opisthotonus3MOtorrhoea, fever,swelling mastoid4MOtorrhoea, septic, decreased consciousness
Although Fusobacterium infections are rare, they can become severe if not treated promptly. Appropriate treatment is combination antibiotic therapy consisting of a β-lactam (penicillin, cephalosporin) and an anaerobic antimicrobial agent (metronidazole, clindamycin).
Physicians should be aware of a rare but potentially lethal complication of oropharyngeal infections: Lemierre syndrome, which is characterized by superinfection with Fusobacterium necrophorum, jugular vein thrombosis, and septic pulmonary emboli. Its incidence has been estimated at 1 per million per year.
While Lemierre’s syndrome is more treatable today, it can still be a life-threatening condition. The mortality rate for Lemierre’s infections that are in advanced and serious stages is approximately between 5 and 18 percent, per StatPearls.
Fusobacterium species are part of the normal flora of the oropharyngeal, gastrointestinal, and genital tracts. Modes of transmission include mucous membrane contact, accidental inoculation, and contact with infected body fluids. Person-to-person transmission has occurred from bite wounds.
People who seek immediate medical attention for Lemierre’s syndrome have a high survival rate. Relief from symptoms may begin after several days of antibiotics. Full recovery can be expected in 3 to 6 weeks.
These bacteria can cause staph infections when they get into your body’s tissues or into your bloodstream. Staph infections can be contagious.
Antibiotics are the cornerstone of treatment for Lemierre Syndrome. Prompt treatment should be initiated as soon as Lemierre Syndrome is suspected. Typical empiric antibiotics include a penicillin with a beta-lactamase inhibitor,clindamycin, or metronidazole.